بنت اربوات
رباوي مشرف قسم
قناتي المفضله : 
النقاط : 25931
العمر : 33
تاريخ التسجيل : 20/02/2011
الموقع : اربوات
العمل/الترفيه : طالبة
المزاج : جيد
ساعة الان :
 |  موضوع: بحث حول الإنتخاب بالانجليزية  الأربعاء فبراير 23, 2011 2:18 pm | |
| بحث حول الإنتخاب بالانجليزية
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Elections
is one of decision-making pro cesses in which they are to choose from
among a group of candidates for the position of certain positions of
the State and the process of selection by the people. The elections are
the way in which the newly democratic countries to fill jobs in the
State, whether the functions of political or service functions. The
tracking system of some sectors, primarily the election to fill the
functions, especially when it comes to leadership positions in those
sectors. Every country has an electoral law governing the conduct of
electoral processes and as approved by the Constitution. [1]
Ideologies:
Book
2, chapter 2 of his book, the spirit of the laws, Montesquieu says that
when the elections both in the Republic or a democracy, voters
alternate between being the rulers of the country and being the
subjects of the government. In the voting process, the people, in any
sovereign state or government, as masters of the selection of serving
in government.
The right to vote:
The view of some of the
jurists that the election of the rights of the citizen on the grounds
that the citizen is part of the rule by the people in public life and
this is contributing to the election of representative democracy and
this election is really the basic human rights.
According to the
doctrinal point of view, the electoral authority to give every citizen
the right to not be removed to that of human rights arising from the
person and the personal right of election, the citizen is free to
exercise this right or not to exercise.
In the opinion of the
jurists that the election of the post due to the home can not be
neglected, based on this view to say that popular sovereignty by the
nation's moral personality independent of its natural, and that
citizens who exercise their powers to not only members of the function
of this nation are voting to elect their representatives on behalf of ,
as it is when people are conducting the election of a particular post
by the law to them as members of the nation's sovereignty.
Forms of the elections:
Heterogeneous forms of the elections was marked by various Ptksemat the most important election and general election ballot.
A - the election ballot:
System,
which is required to be available in the voter's share of money or a
portion of the education and limited in the type of men only.
B - a general election:
Is
the system which allows every citizen the right to vote in the State,
regardless of gender, property, education or religion. And if the
nationality of the voter and the voter's legal age for election.
Types of elections:
In
most democratic political systems, we find different types of
elections, according to the regulations of various government within a
single country, and months of that species:
presidential elections
général élections
primary election
Pre-election
local elections
Co-option
Characteristics of the elections:
Motivation:
Systems
differ from the systems of third party on the party nominations. In
direct democracy, the type of third-party democracy, the right of any
person eligible to nominate in the election. In some systems there is
no third-party nominations (or campaigning, etc.) occur at all, with
all the freedom of voters to choose any person in the time of the vote
- with some possibilities for the development of a minimum age for a
person according to competence. In such cases, it is not required (or
even possible) that the members would be fully aware of all qualified
persons, in spite of that, this kind of elections can be part of the
indirect elections to a wider geographical levels to ensure that some
first-hand familiarity among potential electees can exist at these
levels (ie, among the elected delegates).
In party systems, in
some States, members of the political party who can only nomination. Or
an eligible person can run through the petition and can be placed on
the electoral list.
Who is the team:
Electoral systems:
Refer
to the details of electoral systems, as recognized in the Constitution
of the State of the electoral laws governing the nomination and voting
processes and its relationship with political parties and individual
candidates for positions in which the election is on them.
Scheduling:
Campaigns:
At
the time of the elections, politicians and their supporters begin to
influence policy directly compete to win votes in the so-called
campaign. Can be either pro or formally organized loosely affiliated,
and often use advertising campaigns. It is common for scientists to use
the political campaigns in an attempt to predict by the methods of
political forecasting.
Difficulties in the elections:
In many
countries, which suffer from the weakness of the law, one of the most
common causes of non-conformity of the elections to the international
standards government intervention is concerned. You enabled the use of
dictatorial regimes the powers of the executive (police, martial law
and censorship, and physical implementation of the elections, and so
on) in order to stay in power despite the trend of public opinion to
the demise of that power.
Can be used in a certain direction of
the legislative authority of force or the force of greatness (the
passage of criminal laws, such as determining the electoral mechanisms
and rehabilitation and district boundaries) to prevent the balance of
power in the elections of the transition to another competitor.
The
non-government intervention in the elections, the use of physical
force, intimidation, threat, or fraud in the results through the
screening or the counting of votes.
The process of monitoring the
ongoing task of rigging the elections in countries with strong
traditions of free and fair elections.
Problems that may impede the elections be free and fair can occur at different stages:
lack of open political dee, or lack of informed voters.
unjust laws.
fall election campaigns.
tampering with the election mechanism | |
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HeMiCi SoFt
مؤسس المــــــنتدي
قناتي المفضله : 
النقاط : 27889
تاريخ التسجيل : 18/02/2011
الموقع : اربوات العاصمة
العمل/الترفيه : راضي بمكتوب ربي
المزاج : الحمد الله في كل وقت
ساعة الان :
| | موضوع: رد: بحث حول الإنتخاب بالانجليزية الأربعاء فبراير 23, 2011 5:22 pm | |
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